Class N° 3

Hello! It’s good to contact you again. In this opportunity we are practising the Simple Present Tense. And the topic of this class is THE MISCROCOPE, something you use every day in your profession.

Reading Activity: “THE MICROSCOPE”:

                The development of the microscope has greatly affected human life. Before it was invented, scientists knew very Little about those objects too small to be seen by the human eye, such as tiny creatures, bacteria, and viruses.

                Today, the microscope is used in many activities. Modern microbiologists use the microscope to study cell structures and the cell processes that are responsable for life itself. Specialised low-power microscopes are used in the assembly of small electronic circuts and for detailed surgical operations. As industrial tool, the microscope assists in detection of food spoilage, medicine adulteration, and minute structural defects in metals.

                There are different types of microscopes. The simple and compound ones are called optical microscopes. That is, they use a beam of light and lenses to magnify objects. Another type is the monocular microscope. It is used fro viewing with one eye. Magnification depends on the objective lens and the eyepiece. There are usually three objectives in a monocular microscope, typically with magnifications of 10, 40, and 100. These magnifications change by rotating the objectives, which are fitted into a disk, called the nosepiece.

                If you want to study coloidal particles, which are larger tan atoms, you will need and ultramicroscope because you cannot see them with an ordinary optical microscope. Finally, we can mention the electrons instead of light through a specimen that finally goes to the image-recording system. Thanks to the devices, researchers have made the most incredible discoveries in science. And there are still more to come…!

Comprehension activities:

a)      Re-read the text and complete the sentences with your own words:

·         We use specialised low-power microscope to……………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

·         Optical microscopes are used to……………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

·         The monocular microscope………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

·         To study coloidal particles………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

·         The electron microscope is used …………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

b)      Choose the correct option:

·         Thanks to the microscope, we can see………..

BACTERIA                 VIRUSES             BOTH

·         Magnifications change by…………

MAKING THE OBJECTS ROTATE      

  ROTATING THE OBJECTIVES AND THE DISK           CREATING A ROTATION IN NOSEPIECE

·         Nowadays, microscopes have many uses such as……….

DETECTION OF DEFECTS IN MEDICINES                CELL STRUCTURE AND PROCESS STUDY

                                       DEFECTS IN MINERALS

·         Optical microscopes are……………..

PREPARED TO SEE WITH ONE EYE         DIVIDED INTO COMPOUND AND SIMPLE

                                     USED TO MAGNIFY OBJECTS WITH A LENS

·         Ultramicroscopes ……….

ARE USED TO STUDY ATOMS           CANNOT SEE AS ORDINARY MISCROSCOPES

                                  ARE ABLE TO STUDY COLLOIDAL ON PARTICLES

·         The electron microscope……….

SENDS A BEAM OF LIGHT THROUGH THE SPECIMEN 

 WORKS WITH ELECTRON BEAMS

DIRECTS A BEAM OF ELECTRIC LIGHT

C) Simple Present tense: write the correct form of the verbs in brackets:

1- Scientis ………………………..(see) viruses and bacteria through microscopes.

2- Doctors………………….(not-perform) very detailed surgical operations without a microscope.

3- ………………….a microbiologist …………………………..(detect) food spoilage without a microscope?   No, ………………….    ……………………………

4- A microbiologist……………………(study) cell structures and processes with the microscope.

5- A monocular microscope……………..(have) three types of magnifications.

6- The low-power microscope…………………….(be) used for industrial purposes.

7- Magnifications………………………..(change) according to the size of the objectives.

8- ……………….researchers…………………….(use) microscopes in their investigations?

     Yes, ……………….   ………………….

9- A scientist ……………………….(not-analyse) coloidal particles without the ultramicroscope.

10- Microscopes …………..(be) very useful devises.

class 2: An Interview with a doctor

CLASS 2

An Interview with a doctor

1-      Read the dialogue between Dr. Murray and a patient and complete the file (This dialogue was taken from “English for Health Sciences, Student’s book”, editorial Thomson):

	PATIENT’S PERSONAL FILE
NAME OF THE PATIENT:
AGE
HEIGHT
WEIGHT
TEMPERATURE
BLOOD PRESSURE
PULSE
RESPIRATION RATE
HEAD AND NECK: EYES EARS MOUTH NECK

Dr. Murray: Hello! Nice to meet you! Now let’s complete this file with your personal data.

                      What’s your full name and how old are you

Mark: Mark Thurston, I’m 13 years old.

Dr. Murray: Now, Mark, I’d just like to check out a few things. Could you take off your shoes, socks, and shirt, please? Ok, that’s fine. And now could you stand on the scale and we’ll measure your height and weight. Ok, So you weight 110 lbs and you are 5 feet 6 inches tall.

Ok Mark, now I’m just going to take your temperature. Open wide. Fine. While we’re waiting for that, I’ll take your blood pressure.

Ok, so your temperature is 98.6 degrees and your blood pressure is 120 over 70. No problem there. Let’s check your pulse.

Ok, Mark your heart rate is of 60 and respiration rate is of 15.

Fine, Mark. You are doing great. Now, if you could just stand up and I’ll have a look at your eyes and ears. Open your mouth please. Say aaah. Ok Mark, everything is Ok.

Now, if you could turn around and look up to the ceiling, I’d like to check your neck. Mark there is a slight swelling of the thyroid gland.

Now…………………….

2-    Read the following summery. Dr Murray is talking to a Nurse student about Mark’s case: Complete the blanks using the words given bellow:

     DIAGNOSIS – COMPLAINING – BLOOD – REPORTS - HISTORY – ENLARGEMENT – THYROID

Dr. Murray: So, Robert, you are a student nurse and you have to be able to summarize this case for me. Can you do it? Robert: Ok, we have a thirteen- year- old male …………………………….of excessive thirst with polyuria, especially after meals. He also……………………….that he feels lethargic. There might be a family ……………………………..of diabetes mellitus. The patient has a Body Mass Index of 17.5, which indicates that he is underweight. On examination, pulse, temperature, blood pressure, and respiration rate were normal. There was an …………………………of the thyroid gland. I would make an initial …………………….of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Dr. Murray: Very good, I would agree with you. So what lab tests would you run? Robert: I think we need a urine glucose test and a fasting…………………………………….glucose test. In addition, I think we ought to do a ………………………………..function test, and a urine ketone test. We could also do an oral tolerance test.

3-    Now complete the blanks using the Simple Present form of the verbs in brackets:

a-      Mark ………………………….(complain) of excessive thirst, especially after meals.

b-      The nurse student………………………..(express) his opinion about Mark’s case.

c-      The nurse student and Dr. Murray …………………………..(agree) on the types of tests to run.

d-      Mark ………………………..(not-feel) active.

e-      The nurse student and Dr. Murray …………………………………(not-think) an x-ray is necessary.

f-       ……………….the nurse student ……………………..(make) an initial diagnosis? Yes, he ……………..

g-      ……………….the nurse student and Dr. Murray …………………(find) any problems in Mark’s pulse, temperature, blood pressure and respiration rate? No, they ……………………

4-    Choose one case and present a summery.

CASE 1 NAME: Charmine Plantz                  AGE: 31 OCCUPATION: Sales Manager CHIEF COMPLAINT: Lump on front of neck for one month OTHER SYMPTOMS:  Palpitations, heat intolerance, nervousness, insomnia, breathlessness, increased bowel movements, light menstrual periods. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Enlarged thyroid, tachycardia, slight hypertension, warm, moist, smooth skin, exophthalmos, tremor, weight loss, muscle weakness, hair loss.

CASE 2 NAME: Selina Burton                  AGE: 37 OCCUPATION: Typist CHIEF COMPLAINT: Tingling of first three fingers and thumb that gets worse at night. OTHER SYMPTOMS: Weakness of fingers (has difficulty buttoning clothes). Sometimes pain in forearm. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Muscle wasting at base of thumb. Unable to distinguish hot from cold.